M.Tech (Bioengineering) Course Structure and Syllabus

Course Structure and Syllabus for MTech in Bioengineering

BT 501 Biotechniques (3-0-0-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Chromatographic and other separation techniques: principles and applications of different chromatographic techniques, ultrafiltration, phase-partitioning, two dimensional gel electrophoresis; Spectroscopic techniques: principles and applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism, fluorescence, mass, and infrared spectroscopy; Imaging Techniques and their applications: bright-field, dark-field and phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; Surface plasmon resonance; Flow cytometry.

Text/References:

1.   C. R. Cantor and P. R. Schimmel, Biophysical Chemistry, Part II: Techniques for the Study of Biological Structure and Function, W. H. Freeman and Co., 1980.

2.   J.C Janson and L. Rydin. Protein Purification: Principles, High-Resolution Methods, and Applications, Wiley-VCH, 1998.

3.   M. Spencer, Fundamentals of Light Microscopy, Cambridge University Press, Oxford, 1982.

4.   K. E. van Holde, W. C. Johnson and P. S. Ho, Principles of Physical Biochemistry, Prentice Hall, 1998.

5.   R. D. Goldman and D. L. Spector (Eds.), Live Cell Imaging: A laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2005.

6.   I. A. Kaltashov and S. J. Eyles, Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics: Conformation and Dynamics of Molecules, Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey, 2005.

BT 521 Advanced Bioreactor Engineering (3-0-0-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Bioreactor Concepts: Bioreactor Operation – Batch operation, fed-batch operation, continuous operation, productivity optimization and cost minimization; Types of Bioreactor – Airlift reactor, Packed-bed reactor, Fluidized-bed reactor, Perfusion reactor, Membrane bioreactor, Rotating biological contactor; Case Studies in Bioreactor Operations;

Aeration and Agitation in Bioreactor: Mass transfer in agitated tanks; Power requirement for mixing; Agitation rate studies – Mixing time and residence time distribution; Bioreactor Geometry – Reactor, impeller, sparger and baffle design; shear damage, bubble damage, methods of minimizing cell damage. Case Studies for Aeration and Agitation;

Materials and Components for Bioreactor Design: Materials of construction for bioreactor components - vessel, nozzles, ports, baffles, jackets, spargers, cooling coils, piping and valves; Design considerations for bioreactor components; Design for containment and aseptic operation; Case Studies for Aeration and Agitation;

Bioreactor Scale-Up and Scale-Down: Effect of Scale-Up: aeration, agitation, mixing, sterilization, inoculum development, nutrient availability and supply, pH, shear, temperature maintenance, partial pressure; Scale-up Techniques: – constant power consumption per volume, constant mixing time, constant impeller tip speed, constant volumetric mass transfer co-efficient; Scale–down Related Aspects; Case Studies in Bioreactor Scale-up and Scale-down Aspects;

Bioreactor Instrumentation and Control: Sensor Design and Operating Principle: Temperature, flow measurement and control, Pressure measurement and control, shaft power, rate of stirring, detection and prevention of foam, measurement of cells, measurement and control of dissolved oxygen, inlet and outlet gas analysis, pH measurement and control, SCADA systems for Bioreactors: SCADA architecture, SCADA communication, SCADA functions; Case Studies in Bioreactor Instrumentation and Control.

Text/References:

1.         Douglas S. Clark and Harvey W. Blanch. Biochemical Engineering, Second Edition, CRC Press 1997

2.         Bjorn K. Lydersen, Nancy A. D'Elia, and Kim L. Nelson, Bioprocess Engineering: Systems, Equipment and Facilities. 1st Edition, Wiley-Interscience, 1994

3.         S. Liu, Bioprocess Engineering: Kinetics, Biosystems, Sustainability, and Reactor Design, Elsevier, 2016

4.         Pauline Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, 2nd Edition, Academic Press 2012

5.         James M. Lee, Biochemical Engineering, Prentice Hall, 1992

6.         James E. Bailey and David F. Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, McGraw Hill 1986

7.         Octave Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, Wiley 2016.

BT 645 Introduction to IPR and Ethics (3-0-0-0)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Introduction to Intellectual Properties; Importance of IPR; Domains of IPR: Patent; Design and trademark; Trade secret and unfair competition; New plant varieties and Farmers right; Geographical indication; Semiconductor Integrated Circuits; Biological Diversity; Copyright and Related rights; Strategic elements of IPR: Validity, protection, infringement, licensing; Overview of Laws related to IPR in India; World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and administered treaties; The Agreement of Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); Ethics of Science and Ethical issues in research taking the case of GM crops and stem cells.

Texts:

1.         B. Ramakrishna and Anil Kumar, Fundamentals of Intellectual Property Rights: For Students, Industrialist and Patent Lawyers, Notion Press; 1 edition 2017

2.         C. B. Raju, Intellectual Property Rights, Serial Publication, New Delhi, 2006.

BT 522 Advanced Bioengineering (3-0-0-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Bioengineering: Living Systems; Introduction to Advanced Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Concepts; Bio-interfacial interactions; Bioengineered Organs and Tissues; Cellular and Regenerative Concepts; Micro and Macro Fabrication Techniques in Bioengineering; Concepts on Microfluidics in Bioengineering, Nano-Bioengineering in Medicine, Controlled and Sustained Drug Delivery Systems, Bioengineered 3D Disease Models, 3D Bioreactors; Recent Applications in Regenerative Medicine.

Biomechanics: Introduction to Biomechanics; Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Anthropometric Terminologies; Joint Movement, Function and Disorders; Introduction to Muscle Dynamics; Mechanical Properties of Bone, Joints and Implant Materials; Introduction to Mechanobiology and Mechanoregulatory Algorithms.

Texts / References:

1.         R. Lanza, R. Langer and J. P. Vacanti, The Principles of Tissue Engineering, 4th Edition, Academic Press, 2013

2.         B. D. Ratner, A. S. Hoffman, F. J. Schoen and J. E. Lemons, Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials and Medicine, 3rd Edition, Academic Press, 2012.

3.         R. I. Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications, 6th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010

4.         R. Lanza and A. Atala, Essentials of Stem Cell Biology, 3rd Edition, Academic Press, 2013

5.         Mirjana Pavlovic, Bioengineering: A conceptual approach. Springer, 2014.

6.         Ronald Huston, Principles of biomechanics. CRC press, 2008.

7..        Y. C. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical properties of living tissues. (2nd Ed), Springer, 1993.

8.         G. T. Yamaguchi, Dynamic modeling of musculoskeletal motion: a vectorized approach for biomechanical analysis in three dimensions, Springer, 2001.

BT 523 Metabolic Engineering (3-0-0-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Overview to the field with illustrating examples; Methods for metabolic characterization: genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, fluxome; Comprehensive models for cellular reactions; Regulation of metabolic pathways; Metabolic flux analysis; Applications of metabolic flux analysis; Methods for the experimental determination of metabolic fluxes by isotope labelling; Metabolic control analysis; Metabolic design: gene amplification, gene-disruption, randomized and targeted strain development; Metabolic Engineering in Practice: actual examples from research and industrial biotechnology.

Texts / References:

1.         Gregory N. Stephanopoulos, Aristos A. Aristidou and Jens Nielsen, Metabolic Engineering Principles and Methodologies, Academic Press, 1998.

2.         S. Y. Lee and E. T. Papoutsakis, Metabolic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999.

3.         David Fell, Understanding the Control of Metabolism, Portland Press, London, 1997.

4.         R. Heinrich and S. Schuster, The Regulation of Cellular Systems, Chapman & Hall, 1996.

5.         E. O. Voit, Computational Analysis of Biochemical Systems, Cambridge University Press, 2000.

BT 524 Bioinstrumentation and Control (3-0-0-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Bioinstrumentation: Basic concepts of medical instrumentation; Sensors and principles; Amplifiers and Signal Processing; Origin of bio potentials; Bio potential electrodes and amplifiers; Blood pressure and sound; Biomedical telemetry and telemedicine; Patient safety; Therapeutic and prosthetic devices; Introduction to Matlab software/Simulink graphical programming and its application in bioinstrumentation.

Introduction to Laplace Transforms: 1st order system and examples of 1st order system; Response of 1st order system for step, sinusoidal, ramp, impulse inputs; Interacting and non-interacting system; Linearization; 2nd order system; examples of 2nd order system; Derivation of transfer function for various inputs to a 2nd order system; Dead time response to 1st and 2nd order systems for underdamped and overdamped conditions.

Introduction to control system: components of a control system; block diagram and development of block diagram for a bioprocess control system; Open-loop control system; Closed loop control system; On-off controller; P, PI, PID controller and derivation of transfer functions of controllers; Overview of advanced control strategies in bioprocess

Texts/References:

1.         John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, Wiley, 5th Edition, 2020.

2.         G. D.Baura, Medical Device Technologies: A Systems Based Overview Using Engineering Standards Academic Press, Oxford, UK, Elsevier, 2011

3.         Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, Introduction to biomedical equipment technology, 4th Edition, Pearson New York, 2000

4.         D. J. Dewhurst, An Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation, Elsevier Science, 2014

5.         Dale E. Seborg, Thomas F. Edgar, Duncan A. Mellichamp and Francis J. Doyle III, Process Dynamics and Control, 4th Edition. John Wiley, 2016 

6.         Donald R. Coughanowr, Steven E. LeBlanc. Process Systems Analysis and Control, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2013

7.         George Stephanopolous, Chemical Process Control – An introduction to theory and practice, 7th Edition, Peritance Hall of India, 2008.

BT 623 Research Methodology (2-1-0-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Introduction:  Definitions  and  objectives  of  research,  types  of  research,  research approaches,  significance  of  research,  main  components  of  research  process;  Defining  a research  problem:  reviewing  the  literature,  framing  the  research  problem,  hypotheses; Data  collection,  analysis  and  interpretation:  designing  of  experiments,  data  types, methods  of  data  collection,  repeatability,  reproducibility  and  reliability,  sampling  methods, statistical  analysis,  displaying  of  data;  Scientific  writing:  types  of  scientific  report,  structure and  components  of  conference  and  journal  articles  and  theses,  arts  of  writing,  ethics  and scientific  conduct,  ethics  in  life  science  studies,  plagiarism,  copyright,  intellectual  property rights.

Texts/References:

1.  C.  R.  Kothari, Research  methodology:  Methods  and  Techniques,  3rd  Edn.,  New  age International  2014.

2.  R.  Kumar,  Research  methodology  a  step-by-step  guide  for  beginners,  Sage  Publications, London,  2011.

 3.  C.G. Thomas,  Research methodology  and  scientific  writing,  Ane  books, Delhi,  2015.

 4.  P.  Laake,  H.  B.  Benestad  and  B.  R.  Olsen,  Research  methodology  in  the  medical  and biological  sciences,  Academic  Press, 2007.

5.  H.  J.  Ader  and  G.  J.  Mellenbergh,  Research  Methodology  in  the  Social,  Behavioural  and Life  Sciences  Designs,  Models  and  Methods,  3rd  Edn.,  Sage  Publications, London, 2000.

Laboratory courses:

BT 530 Experimental techniques in Bioengineering (0-0-6-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Spectroscopy: UV-Visible spectroscopy-based quantification of DNA and Protein; Protein structural analysis using infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy; Determination of conformational stability of a protein by monitoring protein fluorescence; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for enzyme activity;

Chromatography: High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography; Size exclusion chromatography; Gel electrophoresis;

Microscopy: Fluorescence microscope; Fluorescence imaging of stained cells; Demonstrations of laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, microcomputed tomography;

Ultracentrifugation: separation of cell organelles from plant or animal tissues; Flow cytometry.

Texts / References:

1.         A. J. Ninfa and D. P. Ballou, Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Wiley; 2nd Edition,1998.

2.         J. Sambrook and D. W. Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 3rd Edition, 2001.

3.         R. J. Simpson, Proteins and Proteomics: A Laboratory Manual, CSHL press, 2003.

BT 540 Applied Bioengineering lab (0-0-6-6)

Pre-Requisites: Nil

Transformation of microorganism and expression of recombinant protein in shake flask culture; Expression of recombinant proteins in bioreactor and analysis of growth kinetics; Introduction to mammalian cell culture techniques; Preparation/3D printing and characterization of biomaterial scaffolds; Cell proliferation/viability assay on scaffolds; Rheological characterization of biomaterials; Mechanical properties of metallic implant biomaterials; Nanoparticle fabrication, model drug loading and release kinetic assay; Demonstration of 3D bioreactors.

Texts / References:

1.         J. Sambrook and D. W. Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 3rd Edition, 2001.

2.         Heidi Smith and Alfred Brown, Benson's Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual, 15th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022

3.         Debabrata Das and Debayan Das, Biochemical Engineering: A Laboratory Manual, 1st Edition, 2021

4.         Melissa Kurtis Micou and Dawn Kilkenny, A Laboratory Course in Tissue Engineering, CRC Press, 1st Edition, 2012

5.         Gilson Khang, Moon Suk Kim and Hai Bang Lee, A Manual for Biomaterials/Scaffold Fabrication Technology,

6.         Wujing Xian, A Laboratory Course in Biomaterials, CRC Press, 1st Edition, 2009.